Who is Allah?

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Herod's Temple in the Holyland model of Jerusalem

A prayer answered in old age

Zechariah

(peace be upon him)
זְכַרְיָהزكرياZekharyah · Zakariyyā

An old priest in the Temple, a son named John, and a sign of silence.

▶ Watch the three tellings1st c. BCE
Stand-in photograph: hoyasmeg · CC BY 2.0

The name in three scripts

HebrewזְכַרְיָהZekharyah“God remembers”
GreekΖαχαρίαςZachariasGreek
ArabicزكرياZakariyyāArabic

One-minute snapshot

In a minute

1st c. BCERead time 1 min
GospelQur'an

Zechariah (peace be upon him) was an elderly priest serving in the Temple in Jerusalem. He and his wife had longed for a child into old age. An angel announced that they would have a son, John. In Luke's Gospel he is struck silent until the child is named, then sings a hymn of praise. In the Qur'an he prays in secret for an heir, is given the sign of three days' silence, and is also the guardian of the young Mary (peace be upon her). Christians and Muslims both honour him.

This Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, is not the prophet of the book of Zechariah, nor Zechariah son of Jehoiada in 2 Chronicles.

Watch

Films from each tradition

Each told by its own community, in its own words, side by side. More on F-ILM.

A Christian telling

English ESV | Luke 1:1–38Lumo Project Films · 8 min Shows prophets (a film-maker's portrayal)Lumo: Luke 1:1-38 word for word, Gabriel's message to Zechariah.

A Muslim telling

Ep 6: The Secret Prayer of Zakariya [Surah Maryam] | Maqamat Series | Qari Bakeer & Nouman Ali KhanNouman Ali Khan - Official - Bayyinah · 18 minBayyinah Maqamat: the secret prayer of Zakariya in Surah Maryam, recited and explained.

Side by side

Three tellings

Quotations: Torah and Hebrew Bible, JPS 1917 · New Testament, World English Bible (British Edition) · Qur'an, Pickthall (1930). Translations and sources

The Christian telling

In Christian tradition's own words.

  • Zacharias, a priest, is chosen to burn incense in the Temple.
  • The angel Gabriel promises a son, John; he doubts and is struck silent.
  • At the naming he writes “His name is John”, and his tongue is freed.
  • He sings the Benedictus.
“But the angel said to him, “Don’t be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard. Your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John.”Luke 1:13 · WEB (British Edition)

The Benedictus (Luke 1:68–79) is sung every day at Morning Prayer and Lauds.

Key passages: Luke 1:5–25, 57–80

Is this how your tradition would say it? Tell us →

The Qur'an

In Islamic tradition's own words.

  • Zachariah is made Mary (peace be upon her)'s guardian and finds provision with her: “It is from Allah”.
  • He prays in secret for an heir.
  • He is given glad tidings of John, and the sign of three days without speech.
  • He is named among the righteous.
“A mention of the mercy of thy Lord unto His servant Zachariah. When he cried unto his Lord a cry in secret, Saying: My Lord! Lo! the bones of me wax feeble and my head is shining with grey hair, and I have never been unblest in prayer to Thee, my Lord.”Qur'an 19:2–4 · Pickthall (1930)

A hadith says Zakariyya was a carpenter (Muslim 2379).

Key passages: Qur'an 3:37–41; 6:85; 19:2–15; 21:89–90

Read the passages The Christian telling · 2

Luke 1:68–79 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

68

“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people;

69

and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David

70

(as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who have been from of old),

71

salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us;

72

to show mercy towards our fathers, to remember his holy covenant,

73

the oath which he swore to Abraham our father,

74

to grant to us that we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, should serve him without fear,

75

in holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life.

76

And you, child, will be called a prophet of the Most High; for you will go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways,

77

to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the remission of their sins,

The passage continues; open it in the player or your own Bible or Qur'an.

Luke 1:5–25 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

5

There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.

6

They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord.

7

But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they both were well advanced in years.

8

Now while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his division

9

according to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.

10

The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense.

11

An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense.

12

Zacharias was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him.

13

But the angel said to him, “Don’t be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard. Your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John.

14

You will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth.

The passage continues; open it in the player or your own Bible or Qur'an.

Read the passages The Qur'an · 4

Qur'an 3:37–41 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

37

فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَسَنٍۢ وَأَنۢبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنًۭا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا ۖ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا زَكَرِيَّا ٱلْمِحْرَابَ وَجَدَ عِندَهَا رِزْقًۭا ۖ قَالَ يَٰمَرْيَمُ أَنَّىٰ لَكِ هَٰذَا ۖ قَالَتْ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ

And her Lord accepted her with full acceptance and vouchsafed to her a goodly growth; and made Zachariah her guardian. Whenever Zachariah went into the sanctuary where she was, he found that she had food. He said: O Mary! Whence cometh unto thee this (food)? She answered: It is from Allah. Allah giveth without stint to whom He will.

38

هُنَالِكَ دَعَا زَكَرِيَّا رَبَّهُۥ ۖ قَالَ رَبِّ هَبْ لِى مِن لَّدُنكَ ذُرِّيَّةًۭ طَيِّبَةً ۖ إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ ٱلدُّعَآءِ

Then Zachariah prayed unto his Lord and said: My Lord! Bestow upon me of Thy bounty goodly offspring. Lo! Thou art the Hearer of Prayer.

39

فَنَادَتْهُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَآئِمٌۭ يُصَلِّى فِى ٱلْمِحْرَابِ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكَ بِيَحْيَىٰ مُصَدِّقًۢا بِكَلِمَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَسَيِّدًۭا وَحَصُورًۭا وَنَبِيًّۭا مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ

And the angels called to him as he stood praying in the sanctuary: Allah giveth thee glad tidings of (a son whose name is) John, (who cometh) to confirm a word from Allah lordly, chaste, a prophet of the righteous.

40

قَالَ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِى غُلَٰمٌۭ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِىَ ٱلْكِبَرُ وَٱمْرَأَتِى عَاقِرٌۭ ۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ ٱللَّهُ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَآءُ

He said: My Lord! How can I have a son when age hath overtaken me already and my wife is barren? (The angel) answered: So (it will be). Allah doeth what He will.

41

قَالَ رَبِّ ٱجْعَل لِّىٓ ءَايَةًۭ ۖ قَالَ ءَايَتُكَ أَلَّا تُكَلِّمَ ٱلنَّاسَ ثَلَٰثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَّا رَمْزًۭا ۗ وَٱذْكُر رَّبَّكَ كَثِيرًۭا وَسَبِّحْ بِٱلْعَشِىِّ وَٱلْإِبْكَٰرِ

He said: My Lord! Appoint a token for me. (The angel) said: The token unto thee (shall be) that thou shalt not speak unto mankind three days except by signs. Remember thy Lord much, and praise (Him) in the early hours of night and morning.

Qur'an 6:85 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

85

وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحْيَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ وَإِلْيَاسَ ۖ كُلٌّۭ مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ

And Zachariah and John and Jesus and Elias. Each one (of them) was of the righteous.

Qur'an 19:2–15 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

2

ذِكْرُ رَحْمَتِ رَبِّكَ عَبْدَهُۥ زَكَرِيَّآ

A mention of the mercy of thy Lord unto His servant Zachariah.

3

إِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبَّهُۥ نِدَآءً خَفِيًّۭا

When he cried unto his Lord a cry in secret,

4

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى وَهَنَ ٱلْعَظْمُ مِنِّى وَٱشْتَعَلَ ٱلرَّأْسُ شَيْبًۭا وَلَمْ أَكُنۢ بِدُعَآئِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّۭا

Saying: My Lord! Lo! the bones of me wax feeble and my head is shining with grey hair, and I have never been unblest in prayer to Thee, my Lord.

5

وَإِنِّى خِفْتُ ٱلْمَوَٰلِىَ مِن وَرَآءِى وَكَانَتِ ٱمْرَأَتِى عَاقِرًۭا فَهَبْ لِى مِن لَّدُنكَ وَلِيًّۭا

Lo! I fear my kinsfolk after me, since my wife is barren. Oh, give me from Thy presence a successor

6

يَرِثُنِى وَيَرِثُ مِنْ ءَالِ يَعْقُوبَ ۖ وَٱجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيًّۭا

Who shall inherit of me and inherit (also) of the house of Jacob. And make him, my Lord, acceptable (unto Thee).

7

يَٰزَكَرِيَّآ إِنَّا نُبَشِّرُكَ بِغُلَٰمٍ ٱسْمُهُۥ يَحْيَىٰ لَمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُۥ مِن قَبْلُ سَمِيًّۭا

(It was said unto him): O Zachariah! Lo! We bring thee tidings of a son whose name is John; we have given the same name to none before (him).

8

قَالَ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِى غُلَٰمٌۭ وَكَانَتِ ٱمْرَأَتِى عَاقِرًۭا وَقَدْ بَلَغْتُ مِنَ ٱلْكِبَرِ عِتِيًّۭا

He said: My Lord! How can I have a son when my wife is barren and I have reached infirm old age?

9

قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ قَالَ رَبُّكَ هُوَ عَلَىَّ هَيِّنٌۭ وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَمْ تَكُ شَيْـًۭٔا

He said: So (it will be). Thy Lord saith: It is easy for Me, even as I created thee before, when thou wast naught.

10

قَالَ رَبِّ ٱجْعَل لِّىٓ ءَايَةًۭ ۚ قَالَ ءَايَتُكَ أَلَّا تُكَلِّمَ ٱلنَّاسَ ثَلَٰثَ لَيَالٍۢ سَوِيًّۭا

He said: My Lord! Appoint for me some token. He said: Thy token is that thou, with no bodily defect, shalt not speak unto mankind three nights.

11

فَخَرَجَ عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِۦ مِنَ ٱلْمِحْرَابِ فَأَوْحَىٰٓ إِلَيْهِمْ أَن سَبِّحُوا۟ بُكْرَةًۭ وَعَشِيًّۭا

Then he came forth unto his people from the sanctuary, and signified to them: Glorify your Lord at break of day and fall of night.

The passage continues; open it in the player or your own Bible or Qur'an.

Qur'an 21:89–90 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

89

وَزَكَرِيَّآ إِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبَّهُۥ رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْنِى فَرْدًۭا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ ٱلْوَٰرِثِينَ

And Zachariah, when he cried unto his Lord: My Lord! Leave me not childless, though Thou art the Best of inheritors.

90

فَٱسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُۥ وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥ يَحْيَىٰ وَأَصْلَحْنَا لَهُۥ زَوْجَهُۥٓ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلْخَيْرَٰتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا رَغَبًۭا وَرَهَبًۭا ۖ وَكَانُوا۟ لَنَا خَٰشِعِينَ

Then We heard his prayer, and bestowed upon him John, and adjusted his wife (to bear a child) for him. Lo! they used to vie one with the other in good deeds, and they cried unto Us in longing and in fear, and were submissive unto Us.

Common ground

Where they agree

  • An aged priest and a wife unable to have children.
  • Prayer, an angel's announcement, and the name John.
  • A sign of silence.

Said plainly, ranked never

Where they differ

  • In Luke the silence follows his doubt; in the Qur'an it is the sign he asks for.
  • His guardianship of Mary (peace be upon her) is in the Qur'an (and the Protoevangelium of James), not in the canonical Gospels.
  • Judaism has no religious teaching about him.

Era and place

The world of Zechariah

Where
Jerusalem (Herod's Temple) and the hill country of Judea; Ein Karem by tradition.
When
The late 1st century BCE.
What archaeology can and cannot say
The Holyland Model of Herod's Temple, now at the Israel Museum, is a scholarly reconstruction. The Temple Mount's great retaining walls, including the Western Wall, survive.

Gallery

The world of Zechariah

Smoke rising, as at the hour of incense (Luke 1:9–10)
Smoke rising, as at the hour of incense (Luke 1:9–10)Smoke Plume, wwarby, CC BY 2.0
A reproduction Roman wax tablet with styluses: “He asked for a writing tablet” (Luke 1:63)
A reproduction Roman wax tablet with styluses: “He asked for a writing tablet” (Luke 1:63)Cicero Reproduction of an ancient Roman wax tablet with three styli at the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim, Germany WM Andreas Praefcke 720X480, mharrsch, CC BY 2.0
A bronze oil lamp
A bronze oil lampMOO - Khorasan Lampe, Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA 4.0
Ancient olive trees, as in the hill country of Judea
Ancient olive trees, as in the hill country of JudeaOstuni olive grove SS379-3339.jpg, Isiwal, CC BY-SA 4.0

Go deeper

Go deeper

The stories
Jewish view

Zechariah does not appear in the Hebrew Bible, and Jewish tradition has no teaching about him. Priests did serve by turns in the Temple, as Luke describes (1 Chronicles 24).

Christian tradition

Luke 1 sets the birth of John beside the birth of Jesus. The Benedictus has been part of daily Christian prayer for centuries.

Tafsir and hadith

Ibn Kathir, on 19:2 and 3:37, tells how Zakariyya's prayer was stirred by the provision he found with Mary (peace be upon her) in the sanctuary.

Read the passages Qur'an 19:2, Qur'an 3:37

Qur'an 19:2 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

2

ذِكْرُ رَحْمَتِ رَبِّكَ عَبْدَهُۥ زَكَرِيَّآ

A mention of the mercy of thy Lord unto His servant Zachariah.

Qur'an 3:37 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

37

فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَسَنٍۢ وَأَنۢبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنًۭا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا ۖ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا زَكَرِيَّا ٱلْمِحْرَابَ وَجَدَ عِندَهَا رِزْقًۭا ۖ قَالَ يَٰمَرْيَمُ أَنَّىٰ لَكِ هَٰذَا ۖ قَالَتْ هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ

And her Lord accepted her with full acceptance and vouchsafed to her a goodly growth; and made Zachariah her guardian. Whenever Zachariah went into the sanctuary where she was, he found that she had food. He said: O Mary! Whence cometh unto thee this (food)? She answered: It is from Allah. Allah giveth without stint to whom He will.

Sources and further reading
Picture credits

Watch more: Zechariah

3 films and talks, chosen for this page. They play here.

  • Who was John the Baptist?

    Let's Talk Religion · 34 min

    Let's Talk Religion: who was John the Baptist, Zechariah's son.

  • The Angel and Zacharias (Luke 1:5–25) — A Sermon by R.C. Sproul

    Ligonier Ministries · 32 min

    A Christian telling of Zechariah and Elizabeth, from Luke 1.

  • Elizabeth and Zechariah

    Alistair Begg · 42 min

    A Christian telling of Zechariah and Elizabeth, from Luke 1.

  • More films and talks on F-ILMWatch free