Who is Allah?

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The ancient well at Tel Be'er Sheva

The son of laughter

Isaac

(peace be upon him)
יִצְחָקإسحاقYitzḥak · Isḥāq

Promised to Abraham and Sarah in their old age, and a link in the chain of the patriarchs.

▶ Watch the three tellingsc. 2000–1700 BCE · as tradition places it
Stand-in photograph: Ian W Scott · CC BY-SA 2.0

The name in three scripts

HebrewיִצְחָקYitzḥak“he laughs”
GreekἸσαάκIsaakGreek
ArabicإسحاقIsḥāqArabic

One-minute snapshot

In a minute

c. 2000–1700 BCERead time 1 min
TorahGospelQur'an

Isaac (peace be upon him) was the son promised to Abraham (peace be upon him) and Sarah in their old age. Sarah laughed when she heard the news, and he was named “laughter”. In Genesis he is the son bound on Mount Moriah and spared. He marries Rebekah, digs wells in the land, and is the father of Jacob (peace be upon him) and Esau. The Qur'an calls him a prophet among the righteous, given to Abraham as glad tidings. All three faiths honour him as a link in the chain of the patriarchs.

Watch

Three traditions, three films

Each told by its own community, in its own words, side by side. More on F-ILM.

A Jewish telling

Covenant & Conversation | Toldot | Rabbi SacksThe Rabbi Sacks Legacy · 8 minRabbi Sacks on Toldot: Isaac the quiet patriarch.

A Christian telling

Superbook - Isaac and Rebekah - Season 3 Episode 4 - Full Episode (Official HD Version)Superbook · 27 min Shows prophets (a film-maker's portrayal)Superbook: Isaac and Rebekah (official CBN upload, kids).

A Muslim telling

Prophet Ishaaq (AS): Greatness Isn’t Always Loud | Imam Kebba SallahADAMS Center - Official YouTube Channel · 4 minADAMS Center: Ishaq, greatness isn't always loud.

Side by side

Three tellings

Quotations: Torah and Hebrew Bible, JPS 1917 · New Testament, World English Bible (British Edition) · Qur'an, Pickthall (1930). Translations and sources

Hebrew Bible · Torah

In Jewish tradition's own words.

  • His birth is announced, and Sarah laughs.
  • The binding on Mount Moriah (Akedah).
  • Rebekah is found at the well.
  • He reopens his father's wells, and blesses Jacob in Esau's place.
“And the LORD appeared unto him the same night, and said: ‘I am the God of Abraham thy father. Fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for My servant Abraham’s sake.’”Genesis 26:24 · JPS 1917

The Talmud credits Isaac with the afternoon prayer, minḥah, from his walk in the field at evening (Berakhot 26b, on Genesis 24:63).

The Akedah is recalled in daily morning prayers and on Rosh Hashanah.

Key passages: Genesis 17:15–21; 18:9–15; 21:1–7; 22; 24; 26; 27; 35:27–29

Is this how your tradition would say it? Tell us →

The Qur'an

In Islamic tradition's own words.

  • Angels bring Abraham (peace be upon him) glad tidings of Isaac, and of Jacob (peace be upon him) after him.
  • His mother laughs at the news.
  • He is a prophet and one of the righteous.
“And we gave him tidings of the birth of Isaac, a prophet of the righteous.”Qur'an 37:112 · Pickthall (1930)

Because the tidings of Isaac (peace be upon him) come in 37:112, after the account of the sacrifice, many scholars argue that the son of the sacrifice was Ishmael (peace be upon him).

Key passages: Qur'an 11:71–73; 37:112–113; 19:49; 21:72; 6:84; 2:133; 38:45–47

Read the passages Hebrew Bible · Torah · 6

Genesis 26:24 · Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917

24

וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו יְהוָה בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ אַל־תִּירָא כִּי־אִתְּךָ אָנֹכִי וּבֵרַכְתִּיךָ וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֶת־זַרְעֲךָ בַּעֲבוּר אַבְרָהָם עַבְדִּי׃

And the LORD appeared unto him the same night, and said: ‘I am the God of Abraham thy father. Fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for My servant Abraham’s sake.’

Genesis 24:63 · Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917

63

וַיֵּצֵא יִצְחָק לָשׂוּחַ בַּשָּׂדֶה לִפְנוֹת עָרֶב וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה גְמַלִּים בָּאִים׃

And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide; and he lifted up his eyes, and saw, and, behold, there were camels coming.

Genesis 17:15–21 · Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917

15

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־אַבְרָהָם שָׂרַי אִשְׁתְּךָ לֹא־תִקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמָהּ שָׂרָי כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ׃

And God said unto Abraham: ‘As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be.

16

וּבֵרַכְתִּי אֹתָהּ וְגַם נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנָּה לְךָ בֵּן וּבֵרַכְתִּיהָ וְהָיְתָה לְגוֹיִם מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ׃

And I will bless her, and moreover I will give thee a son of her; yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall be of her.’

17

וַיִּפֹּל אַבְרָהָם עַל־פָּנָיו וַיִּצְחָק וַיֹּאמֶר בְּלִבּוֹ הַלְּבֶן מֵאָה־שָׁנָה יִוָּלֵד וְאִם־שָׂרָה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד׃

Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: ‘Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?’

18

וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְרָהָם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ׃

And Abraham said unto God: ‘Oh that Ishmael might live before Thee! ’

19

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֲבָל שָׂרָה אִשְׁתְּךָ יֹלֶדֶת לְךָ בֵּן וְקָרָאתָ אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יִצְחָק וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי אִתּוֹ לִבְרִית עוֹלָם לְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו׃

And God said: ‘‘Nay, but Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt call his name Isaac; and I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his seed after him.

20

וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵאל שְׁמַעְתִּיךָ הִנֵּה בֵּרַכְתִּי אֹתוֹ וְהִפְרֵיתִי אֹתוֹ וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֹתוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִם יוֹלִיד וּנְתַתִּיו לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל׃

And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee; behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.

21

וְאֶת־בְּרִיתִי אָקִים אֶת־יִצְחָק אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד לְךָ שָׂרָה לַמּוֹעֵד הַזֶּה בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחֶרֶת׃

But My covenant will I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.’

Genesis 18:9–15 · Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917

9

וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו אַיֵּה שָׂרָה אִשְׁתֶּךָ וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה בָאֹהֶל׃

And they said unto him: ‘Where is Sarah thy wife?’ And he said: ‘Behold, in the tent.’

10

וַיֹּאמֶר שׁוֹב אָשׁוּב אֵלֶיךָ כָּעֵת חַיָּה וְהִנֵּה־בֵן לְשָׂרָה אִשְׁתֶּךָ וְשָׂרָה שֹׁמַעַת פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו׃

And He said: ‘I will certainly return unto thee when the season cometh round; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son.’ And Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him.—

11

וְאַבְרָהָם וְשָׂרָה זְקֵנִים בָּאִים בַּיָּמִים חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים׃

Now Abraham and Sarah were old, and well stricken in age; it had ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.—

12

וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָה בְּקִרְבָּהּ לֵאמֹר אַחֲרֵי בְלֹתִי הָיְתָה־לִּי עֶדְנָה וַאדֹנִי זָקֵן׃

And Sarah laughed within herself, saying: ‘After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?’

13

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־אַבְרָהָם לָמָּה זֶּה צָחֲקָה שָׂרָה לֵאמֹר הַאַף אֻמְנָם אֵלֵד וַאֲנִי זָקַנְתִּי׃

And the LORD said unto Abraham: ‘Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying: Shall I of a surety bear a child, who am old?

14

הֲיִפָּלֵא מֵיְהוָה דָּבָר לַמּוֹעֵד אָשׁוּב אֵלֶיךָ כָּעֵת חַיָּה וּלְשָׂרָה בֵן׃

Is any thing too hard for the LORD. At the set time I will return unto thee, when the season cometh round, and Sarah shall have a son.’

15

וַתְּכַחֵשׁ שָׂרָה לֵאמֹר לֹא צָחַקְתִּי כִּי יָרֵאָה וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ׃

Then Sarah denied, saying: ‘I laughed not’; for she was afraid. And He said: ‘Nay; but thou didst laugh.’

Genesis 21:1–7 · Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917

1

וַיהוָה פָּקַד אֶת־שָׂרָה כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמָר וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוָה לְשָׂרָה כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר׃

And the LORD remembered Sarah as He had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as He had spoken.

2

וַתַּהַר וַתֵּלֶד שָׂרָה לְאַבְרָהָם בֵּן לִזְקֻנָיו לַמּוֹעֵד אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים׃

And Sarah conceived, and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him.

3

וַיִּקְרָא אַבְרָהָם אֶת־שֶׁם־בְּנוֹ הַנּוֹלַד־לוֹ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָה־לּוֹ שָׂרָה יִצְחָק׃

And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac.

4

וַיָּמָל אַבְרָהָם אֶת־יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים׃

And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him.

5

וְאַבְרָהָם בֶּן־מְאַת שָׁנָה בְּהִוָּלֶד לוֹ אֵת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ׃

And Abraham was a hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born unto him.

6

וַתֹּאמֶר שָׂרָה צְחֹק עָשָׂה לִי אֱלֹהִים כָּל־הַשֹּׁמֵעַ יִצְחַק־לִי׃

And Sarah said: ‘God hath made laughter for me; every one that heareth will laugh on account of me.’

7

וַתֹּאמֶר מִי מִלֵּל לְאַבְרָהָם הֵינִיקָה בָנִים שָׂרָה כִּי־יָלַדְתִּי בֵן לִזְקֻנָיו׃

And she said: ‘Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should give children suck? for I have borne him a son in his old age.’

Genesis 35:27–29 · Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917

27

וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב אֶל־יִצְחָק אָבִיו מַמְרֵא קִרְיַת הָאַרְבַּע הִוא חֶבְרוֹן אֲשֶׁר־גָּר־שָׁם אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק׃

And Jacob came unto Isaac his father to Mamre, to Kiriatharba—the same is Hebron—where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.

28

וַיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי יִצְחָק מְאַת שָׁנָה וּשְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה׃

And the days of Isaac were a hundred and fourscore years.

29

וַיִּגְוַע יִצְחָק וַיָּמָת וַיֵּאָסֶף אֶל־עַמָּיו זָקֵן וּשְׂבַע יָמִים וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֹתוֹ עֵשָׂו וְיַעֲקֹב בָּנָיו׃

And Isaac expired, and died, and was gathered unto his people, old and full of days; and Esau and Jacob his sons buried him.

Read the passages The Christian telling · 4

Romans 9:7–10 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

7

Neither, because they are Abraham’s offspring, are they all children. But, “your offspring will be accounted as from Isaac.”

8

That is, it is not the children of the flesh who are children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as heirs.

9

For this is a word of promise: “At the appointed time I will come, and Sarah will have a son.”

10

Not only so, but Rebekah also conceived by one, by our father Isaac.

Galatians 4:28 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

28

Now we, brothers, as Isaac was, are children of promise.

Hebrews 11:17–20 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

17

By faith, Abraham, being tested, offered up Isaac. Yes, he who had gladly received the promises was offering up his only born son,

18

to whom it was said, “Your offspring will be accounted as from Isaac,”

19

concluding that God is able to raise up even from the dead. Figuratively speaking, he also did receive him back from the dead.

20

By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau, even concerning things to come.

James 2:21 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

21

Wasn’t Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son on the altar?

Read the passages The Qur'an · 7

Qur'an 11:71–73 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

71

وَٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ قَآئِمَةٌۭ فَضَحِكَتْ فَبَشَّرْنَٰهَا بِإِسْحَٰقَ وَمِن وَرَآءِ إِسْحَٰقَ يَعْقُوبَ

And his wife, standing by laughed when We gave her good tidings (of the birth) of Isaac, and, after Isaac, of Jacob.

72

قَالَتْ يَٰوَيْلَتَىٰٓ ءَأَلِدُ وَأَنَا۠ عَجُوزٌۭ وَهَٰذَا بَعْلِى شَيْخًا ۖ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَشَىْءٌ عَجِيبٌۭ

She said: Oh woe is me! Shall I bear a child when I am an old woman, and this my husband is an old man? Lo! this is a strange thing!

73

قَالُوٓا۟ أَتَعْجَبِينَ مِنْ أَمْرِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ رَحْمَتُ ٱللَّهِ وَبَرَكَٰتُهُۥ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ ٱلْبَيْتِ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ حَمِيدٌۭ مَّجِيدٌۭ

They said: Wonderest thou at the commandment of Allah? The mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you, O people of the house! Lo! He is Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory!

Qur'an 37:112–113 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

112

وَبَشَّرْنَٰهُ بِإِسْحَٰقَ نَبِيًّۭا مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ

And we gave him tidings of the birth of Isaac, a prophet of the righteous.

113

وَبَٰرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَىٰٓ إِسْحَٰقَ ۚ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا مُحْسِنٌۭ وَظَالِمٌۭ لِّنَفْسِهِۦ مُبِينٌۭ

And We blessed him and Isaac. And of their seed are some who do good, and some who plainly wrong themselves.

Qur'an 19:49 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

49

فَلَمَّا ٱعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ ۖ وَكُلًّۭا جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّۭا

So, when he had withdrawn from them and that which they were worshipping beside Allah, We gave him Isaac and Jacob. Each of them We made a prophet.

Qur'an 21:72 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

72

وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةًۭ ۖ وَكُلًّۭا جَعَلْنَا صَٰلِحِينَ

And We bestowed upon him Isaac, and Jacob as a grandson. Each of them We made righteous.

Qur'an 6:84 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

84

وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ ۚ كُلًّا هَدَيْنَا ۚ وَنُوحًا هَدَيْنَا مِن قَبْلُ ۖ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِۦ دَاوُۥدَ وَسُلَيْمَٰنَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَهَٰرُونَ ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِى ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

And We bestowed upon him Isaac and Jacob; each of them We guided; and Noah did We guide aforetime; and of his seed (We guided) David and Solomon and Job and Joseph and Moses and Aaron. Thus do We reward the good.

Qur'an 2:133 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

133

أَمْ كُنتُمْ شُهَدَآءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنۢ بَعْدِى قَالُوا۟ نَعْبُدُ إِلَٰهَكَ وَإِلَٰهَ ءَابَآئِكَ إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ وَإِسْمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسْحَٰقَ إِلَٰهًۭا وَٰحِدًۭا وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ مُسْلِمُونَ

Or were ye present when death came to Jacob, when he said unto his sons: What will ye worship after me? They said: We shall worship thy god, the god of thy fathers, Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac, One God, and unto Him we have surrendered.

Qur'an 38:45–47 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

45

وَٱذْكُرْ عِبَٰدَنَآ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَإِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ أُو۟لِى ٱلْأَيْدِى وَٱلْأَبْصَٰرِ

And make mention of Our bondmen, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, men of parts and vision.

46

إِنَّآ أَخْلَصْنَٰهُم بِخَالِصَةٍۢ ذِكْرَى ٱلدَّارِ

Lo! We purified them with a pure thought, remembrance of the Home (of the Hereafter).

47

وَإِنَّهُمْ عِندَنَا لَمِنَ ٱلْمُصْطَفَيْنَ ٱلْأَخْيَارِ

Lo! in Our sight they are verily of the elect, the excellent.

Common ground

Where they agree

  • Born to Abraham (peace be upon him) and Sarah against the odds.
  • His mother laughed.
  • Blessed and righteous, and the father of Jacob (peace be upon him).

Said plainly, ranked never

Where they differ

  • The Akedah: Isaac (peace be upon him) is its central figure in Judaism and Christianity; in most Muslim opinion it is Ishmael (peace be upon him).
  • The wells, Rebekah and the blessing of Jacob (peace be upon him) are told in Genesis only.

Era and place

The world of Isaac

Where
The Negev (Beersheba, Gerar, Beer-lahai-roi) and Hebron.
When
The 2nd millennium BCE.
What archaeology can and cannot say
Tel Be'er Sheva, a UNESCO World Heritage site, has a deep well and an Iron Age town, later than the patriarchs by most datings: the kind of place, not proof.

Gallery

The world of Isaac

A field at dusk: Isaac “went out to meditate in the field at the eventide” (Genesis 24:63)
A field at dusk: Isaac “went out to meditate in the field at the eventide” (Genesis 24:63)Oranje Sky, Bs0u10e0, CC BY-SA 2.0
Camels at sunset
Camels at sunsetGood Night, Dear, Koshyk, CC BY 2.0
A ram among the rocks
A ram among the rocksDesert Bighorn Sheep, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, CC BY-SA 2.0
Red lentil stew, the “pottage” of Genesis 25
Red lentil stew, the “pottage” of Genesis 25Red lentil stew, motherAWESOME, CC BY-SA 2.0

Go deeper

Go deeper

The stories
Midrash and Jewish tradition

The rabbis read Isaac's evening walk as prayer (Berakhot 26b). The Akedah is central to Jewish liturgy and is read on the second day of Rosh Hashanah.

Christian tradition

Paul makes Isaac the child of promise (Romans 9; Galatians 4). Hebrews 11:17–19 reads the binding as faith in resurrection.

Read the passages Hebrews 11:17–19

Hebrews 11:17–19 · New Testament · WEB British Edition

17

By faith, Abraham, being tested, offered up Isaac. Yes, he who had gladly received the promises was offering up his only born son,

18

to whom it was said, “Your offspring will be accounted as from Isaac,”

19

concluding that God is able to raise up even from the dead. Figuratively speaking, he also did receive him back from the dead.

Tafsir and hadith

Ibn Kathir, on 11:71 and 37:112, describes the angels' visit and Sarah's laughter, and reports the debate over which son was offered.

Read the passages Qur'an 11:71, Qur'an 37:112

Qur'an 11:71 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

71

وَٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ قَآئِمَةٌۭ فَضَحِكَتْ فَبَشَّرْنَٰهَا بِإِسْحَٰقَ وَمِن وَرَآءِ إِسْحَٰقَ يَعْقُوبَ

And his wife, standing by laughed when We gave her good tidings (of the birth) of Isaac, and, after Isaac, of Jacob.

Qur'an 37:112 · The Qur'an · Pickthall (1930)

112

وَبَشَّرْنَٰهُ بِإِسْحَٰقَ نَبِيًّۭا مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ

And we gave him tidings of the birth of Isaac, a prophet of the righteous.

Sources and further reading
Picture credits

Watch more: Isaac

4 films and talks, chosen for this page. They play here.

  • Covenant & Conversation | Chayei Sarah | Rabbi Sacks

    The Rabbi Sacks Legacy · 8 min

  • Avivah Zornberg On Isaac

    JINSIDER · 6 min

  • The Mystery of Isaac - A Torah class

    Chabad.org · 60 min

  • Dr Edward Kessler: "The Sacrifice of Abraham's Son in Judaism, Christianity and Islam"

    Study of Religions, UCC, Ireland · 54 min

  • More films and talks on F-ILMWatch free